Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji yokuvelisa ioksijini, ioksijini yezonyango iguqukele kwioksijini yokuqala yemizi-mveliso ukuya kwioksijini engamanzi yaza yaya kwimveliso yeoksijini etshintshayo ngokucinezela i-pressure swing adsorption (PSA). Indlela yokubonelela ngeoksijini iphuhlisiwe ukusuka kwimveliso yeoksijini ethe ngqo ukusuka kwibhotile enye ukuya kwinkqubo yokubonelela ngeoksijini ephakathi. Okwangoku, iinkqubo zokubonelela ngeoksijini ephakathi, iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya ophakathi, kunye neenkqubo zomoya ocinezelweyo ziye zaba ziinkqubo ezintathu ezibalulekileyo zokubonelela ngegesi yezonyango kwiikliniki zanamhlanje zezibhedlele.
Ioksijini yinto ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi ye-metabolism yomntu kwaye yeyona nto ifunekayo kwintshukumo yobomi bomntu. Ukongezwa kweoksijini kunokuphucula imeko-bume yangaphakathi yomzimba womntu kunye ne-biochemical kwaye kukhuthaze umjikelo ongengowobungozi weenkqubo ze-metabolism, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa injongo yokunyanga izifo, ukunciphisa iimpawu, ukukhuthaza ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo, ukuthintela izilonda, kunye nokuphucula impilo.
Ngoko ke, ioksijini idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwicandelo lezonyango, ingakumbi kuncedo lokuqala lwezigulane ezigula kakhulu kunye nabo benzakele ngengozi, kwaye ukunikezelwa kweoksijini kuye kwaba yenye yeemeko ezifunekayo kumaziko ezonyango.
Imbali yophuhliso lwenkqubo yokubonelela ngeoksijini esibhedlele
Ubonelelo lwe-oksijini ngqo kwibhotile enye
Ukunikezelwa kweoksijini ngqo kwibhotile enye yindlela yendabuko yokubonelela ngeoksijini ezibhedlele, kwaye le ndlela ibisoloko isetyenziswa ukubonelela ngeoksijini kwimizi-mveliso. Ekubeni ioksijini kwimizi-mveliso idla ngokuba neegesi eziyingozi kwaye udonga lwangaphakathi lwesilinda luya kugqwala, ioksijini iya kuba nevumba elibi. Xa isetyenziswa eklinikhi, iya kubangela ukuba izigulane zikhohlele kwaye zenze iimpawu zokuphefumla zibe mandundu.
Ngoko ke, ukuqinisekisa impilo yabantu, iTshayina ihlaziye imigangatho yeoksijini yezonyango.
Ubonelelo lweoksijini oluphakathi
Ubonelelo lweoksijini, olukwaziwa ngokuba lubonelelo lweoksijini ephakathi, yindlela yanamhlanje yokubonelela ngeoksijini esetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela. I-China yaphuhlisa inkqubo yokuqala yokubonelela ngeoksijini ephakathi ngo-1983, iye yakhuthazwa kakhulu kwaye yasetyenziswa kwizixeko ezikhulu neziphakathi. Okwangoku, zonke izibhedlele zomlinganiselo othile ziye zamkela iinkqubo zokubonelela ngeoksijini ephakathi. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo yokubonelela ngegesi yezonyango eyenziwe yinkqubo yokubonelela ngeoksijini ephakathi, inkqubo yokungenisa ephakathi kunye nenkqubo yomoya ocinezelweyo iye yaba yiprojekthi ekufuneka yakhiwe yokwakha nokuhlaziya izakhiwo zeewadi kwizibhedlele kwaye yiprojekthi efunekayo ukuze izibhedlele ziphuculwe.
Itekhnoloji yokubonelela ngeoksijini ephakathi inokuphucula umgangatho wezonyango kwizibhedlele, ivumele izigulana ukuba zifumana uncedo okanye unyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ngaloo ndlela zisindise ubomi obuninzi. Kwangaxeshanye, ekubeni izixhobo zobuchwepheshe bokubonelela ngeoksijini ephakathi zigxile kakhulu, zilungele ulawulo lwanamhlanje lwezibhedlele.
Ngokukodwa, ezi zinto zilandelayo ziyaboniswa:
- Umbhobho wokuhambisa ioksijini ophakathi unoxinzelelo oluphantsi kwaye uxhotyiswe ngezixhobo ezininzi zokhuseleko, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukhuseleke kwaye uthembeke ngakumbi.
- Ukunikezelwa kweoksijini kwindawo enye akudingi ukuba iisilinda zeoksijini zithwalwe ziye kwigumbi, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukugcina nokuthutha.
- Inkqubo yokubonelela ngeoksijini ephakathi inomthamo oqinileyo wokubonelela ngeoksijini, umthamo omkhulu, uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo, kwaye inokubonelela ngokubonelela ngeoksijini eqhubekayo ehamba ngamandla
- Isiphelo sokuphefumla ioksijini sokubonelela ngeoksijini esiphakathi sifakwa ngqo kwigumbi lokutyanda, kwigumbi longxamiseko nakwiiwadi zewadi nganye, nto leyo eyenza ukuphefumla ioksijini kube lula, kube lula, kukhuseleke kwaye kuthembeke.
- Ukunikezelwa kweoksijini kwindawo enye kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kweoksijini, kunciphise inani labasebenzi abalawula ioksijini, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe iingenelo zoqoqosho.
Inkqubo yokubonelela ngeoksijini ephakathi esibhedlele inomthombo weoksijini, umbhobho weoksijini, ivalvu kunye nezixhobo ezinesiphelo. Okwangoku, i-busbar, ioksijini engamanzi kunye ne-pressure swing adsorption (PSA) oxygen concentrator zisetyenziswa kakhulu njengomthombo weoksijini kwinkqubo yokubonelela ngeoksijini ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
Ibha yebhasi
Inkqubo yokubonelela ngeoksijini yeBusbar yenziwe ikakhulu ziiseti ezimbini zeesilinda zeoksijini ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu (enye yokubonelela ngegesi kunye nenye yokuxhasa). Iqulathe ibhasi, iseti yezixhobo zokulawula ezizenzekelayo/zesandla, ii-alamu zesandi kunye nezikhanyiso, izixhobo zokunciphisa nokuqinisa uxinzelelo, imibhobho kunye nezixhobo. Xa unikezelo lweoksijini luza kuphela, ibhasi inokutshintshela ngokuzenzekelayo kwisibonelelo seoksijini yokuxhasa.
Isixhobo sokulawula sine-pressure gauge, iyunithi yokulawula yokubeka esweni, kunye nenkqubo ye-alamu kunye nezibane zesalathisi ukubonisa iimeko zokusebenza kunye nokukhumbuza umsebenzisi ukuba atshintshe isilinda yeoksijini ephelileyo. Ukuba isixhobo sokulawula esizenzekelayo siyasilela, isixhobo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuzinzisa uxinzelelo siya kuqaliswa ukusebenza ukuqinisekisa uzinzo loxinzelelo lonikezelo lweoksijini.
Ioksijini engamanzi
Inkqubo yomthombo wegesi esebenzisa ioksijini engamanzi njengomthombo weoksijini yenziwe ikakhulu yitanki yeoksijini engamanzi, i-vaporizer, isixhobo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nesixhobo sokulumkisa. Ioksijini engamanzi yongezwa kwitanki yeoksijini engamanzi yesithuthi sokuthutha iye kwitanki yeoksijini engamanzi yenkqubo yokubonelela ngeoksijini ephakathi ngokusebenzisa umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwetanki yeoksijini engamanzi. Itanki yeoksijini engamanzi lulwahlulo oluphezulu lokuthintela uxinzelelo ukuqinisekisa ubushushu obuphantsi obufunekayo bolwelo.
Ubushushu beoksijini engamanzi bunyuka kakhulu xa idlula kwi-vaporizer, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-ir ibe ngumphunga. Ioksijini ephefumulayo enoxinzelelo oluphezulu incitshiswa kuxinzelelo ngesixhobo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo ize ithunyelwe emva kokuba uxinzelelo luzinzile. Kukho iitanki ezimbini zeoksijini engamanzi kwinkqubo, enye yokubonelela ngeoksijini kunye nenye yokuxhasa; itanki yeoksijini engamanzi kunye ne-busbar nazo zingasetyenziswa kunye, kunye netanki yeoksijini engamanzi ebonelela ngegesi kunye ne-busbar zisetyenziswa njengenkxaso.
Ubonelelo lwe-oksijini ye-PSA yezonyango
Inkqubo yokubonelela ngeoksijini yesixhobo sokucoca ioksijini se-PSA yezonyango yenziwe ikakhulu yi-air compressor kunye ne-dryer, isihluzi, isixhobo sokucoca ioksijini, itanki yokugcina ioksijini, iipayipi kunye nezixhobo. Ukuba kufuneka ukuzaliswa kweoksijini kwiisilinda zeoksijini, kwaye i-oxygen compressor kunye nesikhululo sokugcwalisa ioksijini zinokumiselwa. Umatshini wokuvelisa ioksijini we-PSA usebenzisa itekhnoloji yokuvelisa ioksijini yokutsalwa koxinzelelo ukuze ufumane ioksijini enobunyulu obuyi-≥ 90% obuhlangabezana nemigangatho yeoksijini yezonyango.
Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa ioksijini yokufunxa i-pressure swing isebenzisa ukufunxa ioksijini kunye ne-nitrogen ngokucoca iimolekyuli ze-zeolite, kunye neempawu zokuba amandla okufunxa ayanda ngokunyuka koxinzelelo lokufunxa kwaye anciphe ngokuncipha koxinzelelo lokufunxa. Ifunxa i-nitrogen phantsi kweemeko ezixinzelelweyo ukuze ityebise ioksijini; ifunxa i-nitrogen efunxekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezixinzelelweyo, kwaye iphinda ivuselele isihluzo seemolekyuli ngaxeshanye. Lo mjikelo wokubuyiselana ufezekisa ukwahlulwa kweoksijini kunye ne-nitrogen kunye nokuveliswa kweoksijini.
Ukusetyenziswa kweejenereyitha zeoksijini ze-PSA zonyango kunokulungiswa njengeyunithi enye okanye iyunithi ezimbini. Kwilungiselelo leyunithi enye, kusetyenziswa iseti enye yezixhobo zejenereyitha yeoksijini, kwaye ibhasi ye-oxygen cylider isetyenziswa njengenkxaso. Ngexesha lemfuno yeoksijini ephezulu, i-oxygen cylider yongezwa ngebhasi, engabizi kwaye ikhuselekile kwaye ithembekile. Kwilungiselelo leyunithi ezimbini, kulungiswa iiseti ezimbini zezixhobo zejenereyitha yeoksijini, elungele ukupaka nokulungisa, kwaye kukho ibhasi ye-oxygen exhasayo njengesiqinisekiso, ekhuselekile kwaye isebenziseka ngakumbi.
Uthelekiso olulula
Ukunikezelwa kweoksijini yeBusbar kufuna ukuthengwa rhoqo kweesilinda zeoksijini zonyango, ezintsonkothileyo ukuzithutha, ukuziphatha nokuzilawula, kwaye iisilinda zifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo.
Ioksijini engamanzi luphuculo olukhulu kuneebhasi, kunye neenzuzo zomthamo omkhulu wokuthutha, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuthutha, ixesha elincinci lokuncedisa, kunye neendleko eziphantsi zeoksijini. Itanki yokugcina ioksijini engamanzi engama-3.65m3, egcwele ioksijini engamanzi kwaye igcwele igesi, inokuvelisa ioksijini engama-3000m3, efuna iisilinda zentsimbi ezingama-500, kwaye ubunzima beesilinda zentsimbi zodwa bumalunga ne-30t.
Iitanki zokugcina ioksijini engamanzi kufuneka zizaliswe kanye okanye kabini ngenyanga, kodwa iimfuno zokusebenza ngexesha lokuzaliswa ziphezulu kakhulu, kwaye abaqhubi kufuneka baqinisekiswe ukuba bayasebenza, bajonge uxinzelelo lokukhupha yonke imihla, kwaye bahlole kwaye bagcine izixhobo rhoqo. Inkqubo yokusebenzisa ioksijini inzima kakhulu.
Umatshini wokuvelisa ioksijini we-PSA wezonyango uvelisa ioksijini kwindawo kwaye useka isikhululo sawo sokuvelisa ioksijini esizimeleyo. Umthamo awufuni ukuthuthwa kweoksijini kwaye awuthintelwanga ngumthombo wesibini weoksijini. Izixhobo zinokusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kokulungiswa rhoqo kunye nokulinganiswa. Zikhuselekile, zilula kwaye zilula ukuzisebenzisa. Akukho zixhobo zincedisayo ezifunekayo, kwaye ioksijini yezonyango efanelekileyo inokungena ngqo kwinkqubo yepayipi, okwenza ulawulo lwesibhedlele lube nolwenzululwazi ngakumbi kwaye lube nolwasexesheni.
Uthelekiso lokhuseleko
Uxinzelelo lweoksijini kwisilinda yeoksijini esetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngeoksijini yebhasi luphezulu, ngokubanzi yi-15MPa (iiatmospheres ezili-150), nto leyo enokubangela ukuqhuma okunokwenzeka ukuba idibana nokungcangcazela okunamandla kunye nokungqubana. Umgangatho kunye nobunyulu beoksijini kwisilinda yeoksijini azilawulwa ngumsebenzisi.
Ioksijini engamanzi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kukhuseleko. Inani elikhulu leoksijini engamanzi ligcinwa kwitanki yokugcina ioksijini engamanzi. Ubushushu beoksijini engamanzi buphantsi kakhulu (-183°C), kwaye ioksijini yinto enamandla yokutsha. Xa sele ivuza, iziphumo ziya kuba zimbi kakhulu. Ke ngoko, inkqubo yeoksijini engamanzi ifuna ukuhlolwa rhoqo. Ukuba idiski engaqhumiyo kwitanki yeoksijini engamanzi iyaqhuma okanye ivalvu yokukhupha umoya itsiba iye kwi-exhaust, oko kuthetha ukuba i-vacuum ye-interlayer yetanki yeoksijini engamanzi iyatshatyalaliswa kwaye kufuneka ilungiswe kwaye ihlaziywe kwakhona.
Kuyingozi ukubeka iitanki zeoksijini engamanzi kwizibhedlele ezinabantu abaninzi. Ioksijini engamanzi idla ngokuvuza ngexesha lokuthuthwa nokupakishwa, kwaye nokuba incinci igrisi inokubangela umlilo, nto leyo ebeka umngcipheko wokhuseleko.
Iijenereyitha ze-oksijini ze-PSA zonyango zisebenza kubushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi (20°C-40°C, 6-8 atmospheres). Akukho zinto zingakhuselekanga ngokwesiseko kwaye yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo kwezi zintathu zokubonelela ngeoksijini. Ii-oksijini ezigcina ioksijini zihlala zixhotyiswe ngomthombo we-oksijini we-busbar ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kweoksijini xa umbane ucimile, ucimile, okanye xa ukusetyenziswa kweoksijini kusanda ngequbuliso kangangexesha elithile kwaye kudlule imveliso yeoksijini elinganisiweyo ye-oksijini egcina ioksijini.
Uthelekiso lwezoqoqosho
Inkqubo yebhasi isebenzisa ii-cylinders ze-oxygen, ezifumaneka rhoqo ezibhedlele. Okufuneka kwenziwe kukucubungula ii-cylinders uze uzidibanise, ngaloo ndlela kongiwe iindleko zotyalo-mali lokuqala.
Ukukhetha indlela yokubonelela ngeoksijini
Ekubeni ukunikezelwa kweoksijini ye-busbar kufuna utyalo-mali oluncinci lokuqala, kwezinye izibhedlele ezincinci neziphakathi, ezinomthamo omncinci wokwamkela izigulane kunye nokunqongophala kwemali, ukusebenzisa ukunikezelwa kweoksijini ye-busbar yeyona ndlela isebenzayo neyonga imali. Ngokwembono yokusebenza koqoqosho lwexesha elide, umatshini we-oxygen we-PSA wesibhedlele yeyona ndlela ingcono kakhulu yokunikezelwa kweoksijini. Le nkqubo inokhuseleko oluphezulu kwaye ingasetyenziswa ngaphandle kwabasebenzi kwaye ilawulwe ngendlela yanamhlanje. Yeyona ndlela ilungileyo kwizibhedlele zanamhlanje.
Ngoko ke, okwangoku, izibhedlele ezinkulu kufuneka zisebenzise ii-PSA oxygen concentrators zesibhedlele ukuze zinike ioksijini. Kwangaxeshanye, ekubeni ii-PSA oxygen concentrators zingadingi mthombo wesibini weoksijini kwaye zinokubonelela ngeoksijini ngokuqhelekileyo ngombane kuphela, zikwafanelekile nakwezinye iindawo ezikude kunye neendawo ezinezithuthi ezingalunganga.
Imibhobho yenkqubo kunye neeterminals
Ioksijini ithuthwa ukusuka kwisikhululo seoksijini ukuya kumgangatho ngamnye (iwadi, igumbi lotyando, iziko lokuhlangula, ikliniki yangaphandle, njl.njl.). Emva kokuzinziswa koxinzelelo lwesibini, uxinzelelo lokukhupha ioksijini yi-0.1-0.4MPs (iyalungiseka). Ubushushu obujikeleze umbhobho weoksijini akufuneki budlule kwi-70°C.
Amalangatye avulekileyo kunye namabala eoyile akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo kufutshane nemibhobho okanye iivalvu. Imibhobho yokuhambisa ioksijini ingenziwa ngemibhobho yobhedu okanye imibhobho yentsimbi engatyiwayo. Eyokuqala ingabizi kakhulu kwaye yeyona nto ikhethwayo echazwe yimigangatho yesizwe.
Emva kokuba ityhubhu yeoksijini ingenile kwiwadi, iqhagamshelwe kwipleyiti yesiphelo (ekwabizwa ngokuba yibhanti yonyango). Ipleyiti yesiphelo sisikhokelo seentambo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zesiphelo semibhobho.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-09-2025