Ubomi abunakwahlulwa kwioksijini, kwaye "ioksijini yezonyango" ludidi olukhethekileyo lweoksijini, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni ubomi, kunyango oluqatha, ekuvuseleleni nasekunyamekeleni umzimba. Ngoko ke, zithini imithombo yangoku kunye nokuhlelwa kweoksijini yezonyango? Lithini ithemba lokuphuhliswa kweoksijini yezonyango?
Yintoni ioksijini yezonyango?
Ioksijini yezonyango yeyona gesi yezonyango isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizibhedlele. Isetyenziswa kakhulu eklinikhi kunyango lomothuko obangelwa kukuntywila, i-nitrite, i-cocaine, i-carbon monoxide kunye nokukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumla. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukuthintela nokunyanga i-pneumonia, i-myocarditis kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo. Kwelinye icala, ngenxa yokusasazeka okukhulu kwe-COVID-19, ukubaluleka kweoksijini yezonyango kunyango kuye kwabonakala kancinci kancinci, okuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izinga lokuphiliswa kunye nemeko yokusinda kwezigulane.
Ekuqaleni ioksijini yezonyango yayingahlukaniswanga ngokupheleleyo neoksijini yemizi-mveliso, kwaye zombini zazifunyanwa ngokwahlula umoya. Ngaphambi kowe-1988, izibhedlele kuzo zonke iinqanaba kwilizwe lam zazisebenzisa ioksijini yemizi-mveliso. Kwakungekho de kwaba nguwe-1988 apho umgangatho "weoksijini yezonyango" waziswa waza wenziwa waba yimfuneko, nto leyo eyaphelisa ukusetyenziswa kweoksijini yemizi-mveliso kwezonyango. Xa kuthelekiswa neoksijini yemizi-mveliso, imigangatho yeoksijini yezonyango ingqongqo ngakumbi. Ioksijini yezonyango kufuneka ihluze ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo zegesi (ezifana ne-carbon monoxide, i-carbon dioxide, i-ozone kunye nee-acid-base compounds) ukuthintela ityhefu kunye nezinye iingozi ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Ukongeza kwiimfuno zobumsulwa, ioksijini yezonyango ineemfuno eziphezulu kubungakanani kunye nokucoceka kweebhotile zokugcina, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa ezibhedlele.
Uhlu lwe-oksijini yezonyango kunye nobukhulu bemarike
Ukusuka kumthombo, ibandakanya ioksijini yesilinda elungiselelwe zizityalo zeoksijini kunye neoksijini efunyenwe zizixhobo zokufaka ioksijini ezibhedlele; Ngokwemeko yeoksijini, kukho iindidi ezimbini: ioksijini engamanzi kunye neoksijini yegesi; Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukongeza kwi-99.5% yeoksijini ecocekileyo kakhulu, kukwakho nohlobo lomoya otyebileyo ngeoksijini onomxholo weoksijini we-93%. Ngo-2013, i-State Food and Drug Administration yakhupha umgangatho weziyobisi wesizwe womoya otyebileyo ngeoksijini (93% yeoksijini), isebenzisa "umoya otyebileyo ngeoksijini" njengegama eliqhelekileyo leyeza, ukuqinisa ulawulo kunye nokubeka iliso, kwaye ngoku isetyenziswa kakhulu ezibhedlele.
Ukuveliswa kweoksijini zizibhedlele ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokuvelisa ioksijini kunemfuneko ephezulu ngokwezinga lesibhedlele kunye netekhnoloji yezixhobo, kwaye neenzuzo nazo zicacile ngakumbi. Ngo-2016, iSebe leMeical Gases and Engineering le-China Industrial Gases Association, ngokubambisana neCandelo leMigangatho leZiko loLawulo lwezoNyango leKhomishini yeSizwe yezeMpilo kunye noCwangciso loSapho, lihlolisise izibhedlele ezingama-200 kulo lonke ilizwe. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ama-49% ezibhedlele asebenzise ioksijini engamanzi, ama-27% asebenzise iijenereyitha zeoksijini yesihluzo semolekyuli, kwaye ezinye izibhedlele ezinokusetyenziswa okuphantsi kweoksijini zisebenzise iisilinda zeoksijini ukubonelela ngeoksijini. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iingxaki zokusebenzisa ioksijini engamanzi kunye neoksijini ebhotileni ziye zanda kakhulu. Ama-85% ezibhedlele ezisandula ukwakhiwa zikhetha ukukhetha izixhobo zanamhlanje zokuvelisa ioksijini yesihluzo semolekyuli, kwaye uninzi lwezibhedlele ezindala zikhetha ukusebenzisa oomatshini beoksijini endaweni yeoksijini yesiqhelo ebhotileni.
Izixhobo zeoksijini yesibhedlele kunye nolawulo lomgangatho
Ioksijini yesilinda yesiqhelo kunye neoksijini engamanzi ezibhedlele ziveliswa kukwahlulwa komoya okrwada. Ioksijini yesilinda yegesi ingasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo, ngelixa ioksijini engamanzi kufuneka igcinwe endaweni yayo, isuswe kwingcinezelo, kwaye ivuthwe ngaphambi kokuba isetyenziswe eklinikhi.
Kukho iingxaki ezininzi ekusetyenzisweni kweesilinda zeoksijini, kuquka ubunzima bokugcina nokuthuthwa, iingxaki zokusetyenziswa, njl. Eyona ngxaki inkulu kukhuseleko. Iisilinda zentsimbi zizikhongozeli ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ezinokuba neengozi ezinkulu. Ngenxa yeengozi ezinkulu zokhuseleko, ukusetyenziswa kweesilinda kufuneka kupheliswe kwizibhedlele ezinkulu nakwizibhedlele ezinezigulane ezininzi. Ukongeza kwiingxaki zeesilinda ngokwazo, iinkampani ezininzi ezingenazo iziqinisekiso zeoksijini yezonyango zivelisa kwaye zithengisa ioksijini yesilinda, equlethe iimveliso eziphantsi kunye nokungcola okuninzi. Kukho neemeko apho ioksijini yemizi-mveliso ifihlwa njengeoksijini yezonyango, kwaye izibhedlele zikufumanisa kunzima ukwahlula umgangatho xa zithenga, nto leyo enokubangela iingozi ezinkulu zonyango.
Ngokuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji, izibhedlele ezininzi ziqalile ukukhetha isixhobo sokufaka ioksijini.Iindlela eziphambili zokuvelisa ioksijini ezisetyenziswayo ngoku ziinkqubo zokuvelisa ioksijini ngesihluzo semolekyuli kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa ioksijini yokwahlulahlula i-membrane, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizibhedlele.
Eyona nto iphambili ekufuneka siyikhankanye apha yi-molecular sieve oxygen concentrator. Isebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-pressure swing adsorption ukutyebisa i-oxygen emoyeni ngokuthe ngqo. Ikhuselekile kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ukulula kwayo kwabonakaliswa ngokupheleleyo ngexesha le-qpidemic,ukunceda abasebenzi bezonyango ukuba bakhulule izandla zabo. Ukuveliswa kweoksijini ezimeleyo kunye nokubonelela kwayo kwaphelisa ngokupheleleyo ixesha lokuthwala iisilinda zeoksijini, kwaye kwandise ukuzimisela kwezibhedlele ukuthenga iijenereyitha zeoksijini zesihluzo semolekyuli.
Okwangoku, uninzi lweoksijini eveliswayo ngumoya otyebileyo ngeoksijini (93% yeoksijini), onokuhlangabezana neemfuno zeoksijini zeewadi eziqhelekileyo okanye amaziko amancinci ezonyango angenzi utyando olubalulekileyo, kodwa angenakwanelisa iimfuno zeoksijini zeegumbi ezinkulu, ii-ICU, kunye neegumbi zeoksijini.
Ukusetyenziswa kunye nethemba le-oksijini yoNyango
Lo bhubhani uye wagxininisa ngakumbi ukubaluleka kweoksijini yonyango kwimisebenzi yezonyango, kodwa ukunqongophala kobonelelo lweoksijini yonyango kuye kwafunyanwa nakwamanye amazwe.
Kwangaxeshanye, izibhedlele ezinkulu neziphakathi ziyayeka kancinci kancinci ukusebenzisa iisilinda ukuphucula ukhuseleko, ngoko ke ukuphuculwa nokuguqulwa kwamashishini okuvelisa ioksijini nako kubalulekile. Ngokusasazwa kwetekhnoloji yokuvelisa ioksijini, kusetyenziswa ii-gegerators zeoksijini ezibhedlele. Indlela yokuphucula ngakumbi ubukrelekrele, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokuzenza zihlanganiswe kwaye zithwalwe ngakumbi ngelixa kuqinisekiswa umgangatho wokuveliswa kweoksijini nayo ibe yindlela yophuhliso lwabavelisi beoksijini.
Ioksijini ye-Meical idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu encedisayo kunyango lwezifo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye indlela yokuphucula ulawulo lomgangatho kunye nokwenza ngcono inkqubo yokubonelela ibe yingxaki ekufuneka iinkampani kunye nezibhedlele zijongane nayo kunye. Ngokungena kweenkampani zezixhobo zonyango, kuye kwaveliswa izisombululo ezintsha zokulungiselela ioksijini kwiimeko ezininzi ezifana nezibhedlele, amakhaya kunye neendawo ezisezantsi.Ixesha liyahamba kancinci, ubuchwepheshe buyaphuhla, kwaye sijonge phambili kuhlobo lwenkqubela oluza kwenziwa kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-23-2025