Impembelelo yokutshintsha kwexesha lonyaka emzimbeni
Ukutshintshatshintsha kwamaqondo obushushu exesha lonyaka kuchaphazela kakhulu ubuninzi be-allergen emoyeni kunye nempilo yokuphefumla. Njengoko amaqondo obushushu enyuka ngexesha lokutshintsha, izityalo zingena kwimijikelo yokuzala ekhawulezileyo, ekhokelela ekuveliseni impova eyonyukileyo - ngakumbi kwiintlobo ze-birch, i-ragweed, kunye nengca. Kwangaxeshanye, iimeko ezifudumeleyo zidala iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokuhlala kwezinambuzane zothuli (iintlobo zeDermatophagoides), apho inani lazo likhula kumanqanaba okufuma angaphezu kwama-50% kunye namaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwama-20-25°C. Ezi ziqwenga zebhayoloji, xa ziphefumlwa, zibangela iimpendulo ze-immunoglobulin E (IgE) ezibangelwa kukunganyamezelani kwabantu abanesifo, ezibonakala njenge-allergy rhinitis ebonakaliswa kukuxinana kwempumlo, i-rhinorrhea, kunye nokuthimla, okanye i-bronchial hyperresponsiveness eqatha ngakumbi ebonwa kwi-asthma exacerbations.
Ngaphezu koko, imingeni ekhawulezileyo yokulawula ubushushu ebangelwa kukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kobushushu kubangela uxinzelelo lomzimba kwi-epithelium yokuphefumla. I-mucosa yempumlo, ehlala igcinwa kwi-34-36°C, ifumana ukuxinana kwegazi ngexesha lokuvezwa yingqele kunye nokuxinana kwegazi ngamaxesha afudumeleyo, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni iindlela zokucoca i-mucociliary. Olu xinzelelo lobushushu lunciphisa imveliso ye-immunoglobulin A (sIgA) ekhutshiweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40% ngokwezifundo zemozulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba buthathaka kakhulu ukhuselo lokuqala lwe-immunological lwendlela yokuphefumla. Ubuthathaka be-epithelial obuvelayo budala iimeko ezifanelekileyo ze-virus pathogenesis - ii-rhinovirus zibonisa amazinga aphezulu okuphindaphinda kwiindlela ezipholileyo zempumlo (33-35°C xa kuthelekiswa nobushushu bomzimba), ngelixa ii-influenza virions zigcina uzinzo olukhulu lokusingqongileyo emoyeni obandayo onomswakama omncinci. Ezi zinto zidibeneyo ziphakamisa umngcipheko wabemi wosulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumla malunga ne-30% ngexesha lotshintsho, ingakumbi echaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abangakwaziyo ukumelana ne-mucosal.
Ukutshintshatshintsha kobushushu bexesha lonyaka kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwentliziyo ngokutshintsha ukuxinana kwemithambo yegazi kunye neepatheni zokwanda, okukhokelela kumanqanaba oxinzelelo lwegazi angaqinisekanga. Ngexesha lemozulu eguqukayo, utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kubushushu bendalo lubangela utshintsho oluphindaphindwayo kwithoni yemithambo njengoko umzimba uzama ukugcina ulungelelwaniso lobushushu. Olu xinzelelo lwendalo luchaphazela ngokungalinganiyo abantu abaneemeko ezikhoyo ngaphambili ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngokungapheliyo) kunye nesifo semithambo yegazi (ukuhamba kwegazi okuphazamisekileyo ukuya kwimisipha yentliziyo).
Ukungazinzi koxinzelelo lwegazi kubeka uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwinkqubo yentliziyo, nto leyo enyanzela intliziyo ukuba isebenze nzima ukuhambisa igazi ngokufanelekileyo. Kubantu abasengozini, olu mfuno luphezulu lunokoyisa ukusebenza kwentliziyo okonakalayo, nto leyo enyusa kakhulu umngcipheko weengxaki zentliziyo ezibukhali. Ezi zinokubandakanya i-angina pectoris (ukuncipha kokunikezelwa kweoksijini okubangela iintlungu esifubeni) kunye ne-myocardial infarction (ukuvaleka ngokupheleleyo kokuhamba kwegazi lentliziyo okukhokelela ekonakaleni kwezicubu zentliziyo). Izifundo zonyango zibonisa ukuba ukungazinzi okunjalo okuqhutywa bubushushu kunegalelo ekonyukeni kwama-20-30% kwiingxakeko zentliziyo ngexesha lotshintsho lwexesha lonyaka, ingakumbi phakathi kwezigulane ezindala kunye nezo zineemeko ezingapheliyo ezingalawulwa kakuhle.
Utshintsho lwexesha lonyaka kubushushu nakumswakama lunokuchaphazela okwethutyana ukusebenza komzimba ngokwasemzimbeni. Njengoko inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ifuna ixesha lokuziqhelanisa neemeko ezitshintshayo zendalo, eli xesha lokuziqhelanisa lidala ithuba lokuba sesichengeni. Ukuba ivezwa kwiintsholongwane okanye iibhaktheriya ngeli xesha, ukhuselo lomzimba lunokuba buthathaka, okwandisa amathuba osulelo olufana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, okanye izifo zokuphefumla. Abantu abadala, abantwana abancinci, kunye nabo baneengxaki zempilo ezingapheliyo basengozini enkulu ngexesha lotshintsho lwexesha lonyaka ngenxa yempendulo yabo yomzimba yokuzikhusela engenamandla.
Ukuthintela kunye nonyango lwezifo eziqhelekileyo ngexesha lotshintsho lwexesha lonyaka
Izifo zokuphefumla
1.Qinisa amanyathelo okukhusela
Ngamaxesha apho ipollen iphezulu khona, zama ukunciphisa ukuphuma. Ukuba ufuna ukuphuma, nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifana neemaski kunye neeglasi ukuze ungadibani nezinto ezibangela i-allergen.
2. Gcina umoya ekhayeni lakho ucocekile
Vula iifestile ukuze kungene umoya rhoqo, sebenzisa isicoci somoya ukuze ucoce izinto ezibangela i-allergen emoyeni, kwaye ugcine umoya wangaphakathi ucocekile.
3. Yandisa amandla omzimba okulwa nomkhuhlane
Phucula amasosha omzimba wakho kwaye unciphise umngcipheko wosulelo lokuphefumla ngokutya ukutya okufanelekileyo, ukuzilolonga okulinganiselweyo, kunye nokulala ngokwaneleyo.
Isifo sentliziyo
1.Jonga uxinzelelo lwegazi
Ngexesha lotshintsho lwexesha lonyaka, jonga uxinzelelo lwegazi rhoqo ukuze uhlale unolwazi ngotshintsho olukwixinzelelo lwegazi. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luyatshintshatshintsha kakhulu, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye ulungise umthamo wamayeza okunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi phantsi kwesikhokelo sikagqirha.
2. Gcina ushushu
Yongeza impahla ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngokweenguqu zemozulu ukuze uphephe ukuxinana kwemithambo yegazi ngenxa yokubanda kwaye wongeze umthwalo entliziyweni.
3. Yitya ngokufanelekileyo
Ukulawula ukutya ityuwa nokutya ukutya okuninzi okutyebileyo kwi-potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium kunye nezinye iiminerali, ezifana neebhanana, ispinatshi, ubisi, njl.njl., kunokunceda ukugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi luzinzile.
Izifo ze-allergy
1.Kuphephe ukudibana nezinto ezibangela i-allergen
Qonda izinto ezibangela i-allergens kwaye uzame ukuphepha ukudibana nazo. Umzekelo, ukuba une-allergy kwi-pollen, nciphisa ixesha olichitha ngaphandle ngexesha le-pollen.
2. Ukuthintela kunye nonyango lwamayeza
Phantsi kwesikhokelo sikagqirha, sebenzisa amayeza okulwa nokunganyamezelani kakuhle ukuze unciphise iimpawu zokunganyamezelani. Ukuba kukho iingxaki ezinkulu zokunganyamezelani, funa uncedo lwezonyango kwangethuba.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-18-2025