Isitulo esinamavili (W/C) sisihlalo esinamavili, esisetyenziswa ikakhulu kubantu abanokukhubazeka kokusebenza okanye obunye ubunzima bokuhamba. Ngoqeqesho lwesitulo sabakhubazekileyo, ukuhamba kwabantu abakhubazekileyo kunye nabantu abanobunzima bokuhamba kunokuphuculwa kakhulu, kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yoluntu kunokuphuculwa. Nangona kunjalo, zonke ezi zisekelwe kwisiseko esingundoqo: ukumiswa kwesitulo esinamavili esifanelekileyo.
Isitulo esinamavili esifanelekileyo sinokuthintela izigulana ekusebenziseni amandla amaninzi omzimba, ukuphucula ukuhamba, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumalungu entsapho, kwaye kube lula ukuchacha ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphandle koko, kuya kubangela umonakalo wesikhumba, izilonda zoxinzelelo, i-edema yemilenze yomibini ephantsi, ukukhubazeka komgogodla, umngcipheko wokuwa, intlungu yemisipha kunye nekhontrakthi, njl.
1. Izinto ezisebenzayo zezitulo ezinamavili
① Ukunciphisa kakhulu ukuhamba komsebenzi: njengokunqunyulwa, ukuphuka, ukukhubazeka kunye neentlungu;
② Akukho ukuhamba ngokwengcebiso kagqirha;
③ Ukusebenzisa isitulo esinamavili ukuhamba kunokwandisa imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, kuphucule ukusebenza kwentliziyo, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi;
④ Abantu abakhubazekileyo kumalungu;
⑤ Abantu abadala.
2. Ukuhlelwa kwezitulo ezinamavili
Ngokwamacandelo awonakeleyo ahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi eshiyekileyo, izitulo zabakhubazekileyo zohlulwe zibe zizitulo ezinamavili eziqhelekileyo, izitulo zamavili zombane kunye nezitulo ezinamavili ezikhethekileyo. Izitulo ezinamavili ezikhethekileyo zohlulwe zibe zizitulo zamavili ezimileyo, izitulo ezileleyo, izitulo ezinamavili eziqhutywa kwicala elinye, izitulo eziqhutywayo zombane kunye nezitulo ezinamavili ezikhuphisanayo ngokwezidingo ezahlukeneyo.
3. Izilumkiso xa ukhetha isitulo esinamavili
Umzobo: I-Wheelchair parameter measurement diagram a: ukuphakama kwesihlalo; b: ububanzi besihlalo; c: ubude besihlalo; d: ukuphakama kwe-armrest; e: ukuphakama kwe-backrest
a ukuphakama kweSitulo
Ukulinganisa umgama ukusuka kwisithende (okanye isithende) ukuya kwi-dimple xa uhleli, kwaye ungeze i-4cm. Xa ubeka i-footrest, umphezulu webhodi kufuneka ube ubuncinane be-5cm ukusuka emhlabeni. Ukuba isihlalo siphakame kakhulu, isitulo esinamavili asikwazi ukubekwa ecaleni kwetafile; ukuba isihlalo siphantsi kakhulu, ithambo le-ischial lithwala ubunzima obuninzi.
b Ububanzi besihlalo
Ukulinganisa umgama phakathi kweempundu ezimbini okanye amathanga amabini xa uhleli, kwaye udibanise i-5cm, oko kukuthi, kukho isithuba se-2.5cm kwicala ngalinye emva kokuhlala. Ukuba isihlalo sincinci kakhulu, kunzima ukungena kunye nokuphuma kwi-wheelchair, kwaye i-buttocks kunye nezicubu zamathanga zixinzelelwe; ukuba isihlalo sibanzi kakhulu, akulula ukuhlala ngokuthe ngcembe, akulula ukusebenzisa isitulo esinamavili, amalungu aphezulu adinwa lula, kwaye kunzima nokungena nokuphuma emnyango.
c Ubude besihlalo
Linganisa umgama othe tye ukusuka kwiimpundu ukuya kumsipha we-gastrocnemius wethole xa uhleli phantsi, kwaye uthabathe i-6.5cm kwisiphumo somlinganiselo. Ukuba isihlalo sifutshane kakhulu, ubunzima buya kuwela kakhulu kwi-ischium, kwaye indawo yendawo ixhomekeke kuxinzelelo olugqithisileyo; ukuba isihlalo side kakhulu, siya kucinezela indawo ye-popliteal, ichaphazele ukujikeleza kwegazi lendawo, kwaye ikhuphe lula ulusu kule ndawo. Kwizigulane ezinamathanga amafutshane kakhulu okanye i-hip kunye ne-knee flexion contracture, kungcono ukusebenzisa isitulo esifutshane.
d Ukuphakama kweArmrest
Xa uhleli phantsi, ingalo yangaphezulu ime nkqo kwaye umphambili ubekwe phantsi kwi-armrest. Ukulinganisa ubude ukusuka kwindawo yesitulo ukuya kumda ongezantsi we-forearm kwaye ungeze i-2.5cm. Ubude obufanelekileyo be-armrest bunceda ukugcina ukuma komzimba okuchanekileyo kunye nokulinganisela, kwaye kunokubeka amalungu aphezulu kwindawo ekhululekile. Ukuba i-armrest iphezulu kakhulu, ingalo ephezulu inyanzelekile ukuba iphakamise kwaye ijwayele ukudinwa. Ukuba i-armrest iphantsi kakhulu, umzimba ophezulu kufuneka uncike phambili ukuze ugcine ukulinganisela, okungenakuphela nje ukukhathala, kodwa kunokuchaphazela ukuphefumla.
e Backrest ukuphakama
Ukuphakama kwe-backrest, kuzinzile ngakumbi, kwaye i-backrest iphantsi, inkulu uluhlu lwentshukumo yomzimba ophezulu kunye nemilenze ephezulu. Okubizwa ngokuba yi-backrest ephantsi kukulinganisa umgama ukusuka esihlalweni ukuya kwi-armpit (enye okanye zombini iingalo zolulelwe phambili), kwaye ukhuphe i-10cm kulo mphumo. I-backrest ephezulu: ukulinganisa ubude bokwenene ukusuka esihlalweni ukuya ehlombe okanye ngasemva kwentloko.
Isihlalo somqamelo
Ukuthuthuzela kunye nokuthintela izilonda zoxinzelelo, i-cushion yokuhlala kufuneka ibekwe esihlalweni. Irabha yogwebu (ubukhulu be-5 ~ 10cm) okanye umqamelo wejeli ungasetyenziswa. Ukuthintela isihlalo ukuba singaziki, i-plywood eyi-0.6cm engqindilili inokubekwa phantsi komqamelo wesihlalo.
Ezinye iindawo ezincedisayo zesitulo esinamavili
Yenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezigulane ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nokunyusa umgangatho we-friction of the handle, ukwandisa i-brake, i-shockproof device, i-anti-slip device, i-armrest efakwe kwi-armrest, kunye netafile yesitulo esinamavili ukuze izigulane zitye kwaye zibhale.
4. Iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zezitulo ezinamavili kwizifo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokwenzakala
① Kwizigulane ezine-hemiplegic, izigulana ezikwazi ukugcina ibhalansi yokuhlala xa zingajongwanga kwaye zingakhuselekanga zinokukhetha isitulo esinamavili esinesihlalo esisezantsi, kunye neenyawo kunye nemilenze yomlenze inokususwa ukuze umlenze ophilileyo uthintele ngokupheleleyo umhlaba kwaye isitulo esinamavili sinokulawulwa. amalungu asempilweni aphezulu nasezantsi. Kwizigulane ezine-balance balance okanye i-cognitive impairment, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhethe isitulo esinamavili esityhalwa ngabanye, kwaye abo bafuna uncedo oluvela kwabanye ukuba badlulisele kufuneka bakhethe i-armrest ehlanjululwayo.
② Kwizigulane ezine-quadriplegia, izigulane ezine-C4 (i-C4, isahlulo sesine somgudu womlomo wesibeleko) nangaphezulu zinokukhetha isitulo sombane esilawulwa ngumoya okanye isilevu okanye isitulo esiqhutywa ngabanye. Izigulane ezinokulimala ngaphantsi kwe-C5 (i-C5, isahlulo sesihlanu somgudu womlomo wesibeleko) sinokuthembela kumandla omlenze ophezulu ukuze usebenze isibambo esithe tye, ngoko ke isihlalo esinamavili esiphezulu esilawulwa yi-forearm singakhethwa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izigulane ezine-hypotension ye-orthostatic kufuneka zikhethe isitulo esinamavili esiphezulu, sifake i-headrest, kwaye sisebenzise i-footrest ekhutshwayo ene-angle eguquguqukayo yamadolo.
③ Iimfuno zezigulane ezikhubazekileyo kwizitulo ezinamavili ziyafana, kwaye iinkcukacha zezihlalo zimiselwa yindlela yokulinganisa kwinqaku elidlulileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-armrests zohlobo olufutshane zikhethiweyo, kwaye i-caster locks ifakiwe. Abo bane-ankle spasms okanye i-clonus kufuneka bongeze iintambo ze-ankle kunye namakhonkco esithende. Amatayara aqinileyo anokusetyenziswa xa iimeko zendlela kwindawo yokuhlala zilungile.
④ Kwizigulana ezinqunyulwe imilenze engezantsi, ngakumbi ukunqunyulwa kwethanga, umbindi womxhuzulane womzimba utshintshe kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, i-asi kufuneka ibuyiselwe umva kwaye ii-anti-rods zokulahla kufuneka zifakwe ukuthintela umsebenzisi ukuba abuyele ngasemva. Ukuba kuxhotyiswe ngeprosthesis, umlenze kunye neenyawo zokuphumla kufuneka zifakwe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-15-2024