Isitulo esinamavili (W/C) sisitulo esinamavili, esisetyenziselwa ikakhulu abantu abanengxaki yokusebenza kakuhle okanye ezinye iingxaki zokuhamba. Ngoqeqesho lwesitulo esinamavili, ukuhambahamba kwabantu abakhubazekileyo kunye nabantu abanengxaki yokuhamba kunokuphuculwa kakhulu, kwaye amandla abo okwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yoluntu anokuphuculwa. Nangona kunjalo, zonke ezi zinto zisekelwe kwingcamango ephambili: ukwakheka kwesitulo esifanelekileyo.
Isitulo esifanelekileyo esinamavili sinokuthintela izigulana ekutyeni amandla amaninzi emzimbeni, siphucule ukuhambahamba, sinciphise ukuxhomekeka kumalungu osapho, kwaye senze kube lula ukuchacha ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphandle koko, kuya kubangela umonakalo eluswini, izilonda zoxinzelelo, ukudumba kwamalungu omabini asezantsi, ukukhubazeka komqolo, umngcipheko wokuwa, iintlungu zemisipha kunye nokuqina, njl.njl. kwizigulana.
1. Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwizitulo ezinamavili
① Ukuncipha okukhulu komsebenzi wokuhamba: njengokunqunyulwa kwelungu, ukwaphuka, ukukhubazeka kunye nentlungu;
② Akuvumelekanga ukuhamba ngokwengcebiso kagqirha;
③ Ukusebenzisa isitulo esinamavili xa uhambahamba kunokwandisa imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, kuphucule ukusebenza kwentliziyo nemiphunga, kwaye kuphucule umgangatho wobomi;
④ Abantu abaneziphene zomzimba;
⑤ Abantu abadala.
2. Uhlu lwezihlalo zabakhubazekileyo
Ngokweendawo ezonakeleyo kunye nemisebenzi eseleyo, izitulo ezinamavili zahlulwe zaba zizitulo ezinamavili eziqhelekileyo, izitulo ezinamavili zombane kunye nezitulo ezinamavili ezikhethekileyo. Izitulo ezinamavili ezikhethekileyo zahlulwe zaba zizitulo ezinamavili ezimiyo, izitulo ezinamavili ezileleyo, izitulo ezinamavili eziqhutywa kwicala elinye, izitulo ezinamavili zombane kunye nezitulo ezinamavili ezikhuphisanayo ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo.
3. Amanyathelo okuzikhusela xa ukhetha isitulo esinamavili
Umfanekiso: Umzobo wokulinganisa iiparameter zesitulo sabakhubazekileyo a: ukuphakama kwesihlalo; b: ububanzi besihlalo; c: ubude besihlalo; d: ukuphakama kwesihlalo sokuphumla; e: ukuphakama kwesihlalo sokuphumla emva
ukuphakama kwesihlalo
Linganisa umgama ukusuka kwisithende (okanye isithende) ukuya kwi-dimple xa uhleli, uze wongeze i-4cm. Xa ubeka indawo yokubeka iinyawo, umphezulu webhodi kufuneka ube ubuncinane yi-5cm ukusuka emhlabeni. Ukuba isihlalo siphezulu kakhulu, isitulo esinamavili asinakubekwa ecaleni kwetafile; ukuba isihlalo siphantsi kakhulu, ithambo le-ischial linobunzima obukhulu.
b Ububanzi besihlalo
Linganisa umgama phakathi kweempundu ezimbini okanye amathanga amabini xa uhleli, uze wongeze i-5cm, oko kukuthi, kukho umsantsa we-2.5cm kwicala ngalinye emva kokuhlala. Ukuba isihlalo sincinci kakhulu, kunzima ukukhwela nokuphuma kwisihlalo sabakhubazekileyo, kwaye iimpundu kunye nezicubu zethanga ziyacinezelwa; ukuba isihlalo sibanzi kakhulu, akulula ukuhlala phantsi ngokuthe chu, akulula ukuqhuba isihlalo sabakhubazekileyo, amalungu angasentla ayadinwa lula, kwaye kunzima nokungena nokuphuma emnyango.
c Ubude besihlalo
Linganisa umgama othe tyaba ukusuka kwiimpundu ukuya kwimisipha ye-gastrocnemius yethole xa uhleli phantsi, kwaye uthabathe i-6.5cm kwisiphumo sokulinganisa. Ukuba isihlalo sifutshane kakhulu, ubunzima buya kuwela kakhulu kwi-ischium, kwaye indawo yasekuhlaleni ithambekele ekubeni noxinzelelo olugqithisileyo; ukuba isihlalo side kakhulu, siya kucinezela indawo ye-popliteal, sichaphazele ukujikeleza kwegazi kwasekuhlaleni, kwaye siphazamise ulusu olukule ndawo ngokulula. Kwizigulana ezinamathanga amafutshane kakhulu okanye i-hip kunye ne-knee flexibility contracture, kungcono ukusebenzisa isihlalo esifutshane.
d Ukuphakama kwengalo
Xa uhleli phantsi, ingalo ephezulu imile nkqo kwaye ingalo yesandla ibekwe ngokuthe tyaba kwindawo yokubeka ingalo. Linganisa ubude ukusuka kumphezulu wesihlalo ukuya kumphetho ongezantsi wengalo uze wongeze i-2.5cm. Ukuphakama okufanelekileyo kwendawo yokubeka ingalo kunceda ukugcina ukuma komzimba okufanelekileyo kunye nokulinganisela, kwaye kunokubeka amalungu angaphezulu kwindawo ekhululekileyo. Ukuba indawo yokubeka ingalo iphezulu kakhulu, ingalo ephezulu iyanyanzeleka ukuba iphakame kwaye ithambekele ekudinweni. Ukuba indawo yokubeka ingalo iphantsi kakhulu, umzimba ophezulu kufuneka ugobe phambili ukuze ugcine ibhalansi, engapheleli nje ekudinweni, kodwa inokuchaphazela nokuphefumla.
Ukuphakama kwe-backrest
Okukhona i-backrest iphezulu, kokukhona izinze ngakumbi, kwaye okukhona i-backrest isezantsi, kokukhona i-long run yomzimba ophezulu kunye nemilenze ephezulu ikhula. Oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-low backrest kukulinganisa umgama ukusuka kwisihlalo ukuya ekhwapheni (ingalo enye okanye zombini zoluliwe phambili), kwaye uthabathe i-10cm kwesi siphumo. I-backrest ephezulu: linganisa ukuphakama kokwenyani ukusuka kwisihlalo ukuya egxalabeni okanye ngasemva kwentloko.
Umqamelo wesihlalo
Ukuze intuthuzelo nokuthintela izilonda zoxinzelelo, kufuneka kubekwe umqamelo wesihlalo esihlalweni. Irabha yefoam (ubude obuyi-5 ~ 10cm) okanye umqamelo wejeli zingasetyenziswa. Ukuthintela isihlalo ukuba singatshoni, iplywood enobukhulu obuyi-0.6cm ingafakwa phantsi komqamelo wesihlalo.
Ezinye iindawo ezincedisayo zesitulo esinamavili
Yenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezigulane ezikhethekileyo, ezinje ngokwandisa umphezulu wokungqubana kwesiphatho, ukwandisa ibhuleki, isixhobo esithintela ukutshaqeka, isixhobo esingatyibilikiyo, indawo yokubeka ingalo efakwe kwindawo yokubeka ingalo, kunye netafile yabakhubazekileyo ukuze izigulane zitye kwaye zibhale.
4. Iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zezihlalo zabakhubazekileyo kwizifo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokwenzakala
① Kwizigulane ezine-hemiplegia, izigulane ezinokuhlala zilungelelene xa zingajongwanga kwaye zingakhuselekanga zinokukhetha isitulo esinamavili esiqhelekileyo esinesihlalo esiphantsi, kwaye indawo yokubeka iinyawo kunye nendawo yokubeka imilenze inokukhutshelwa ukuze umlenze ophilileyo ukwazi ukuchukumisa umhlaba ngokupheleleyo kwaye isitulo esinamavili sinokulawulwa ngamalungu aphezulu nasezantsi aphilileyo. Kwizigulane ezine-balance embi okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba zikhethe isitulo esinamavili esityhalwa ngabanye, kwaye abo bafuna uncedo kwabanye ukuze badlulisele kufuneka bakhethe indawo yokubeka imilenze ekhutshelwayo.
② Kwizigulane ezine-quadriplegia, izigulane ezine-C4 (C4, icandelo lesine lentambo yomqolo wesibeleko) nangaphezulu zingakhetha isitulo esinamavili sombane esilawulwa yi-pneumatic okanye isilevu okanye isitulo esinamavili esityhalwa ngabanye. Izigulane ezenzakeleyo ezingaphantsi kwe-C5 (C5, icandelo lesihlanu lentambo yomqolo wesibeleko) zinokuxhomekeka kumandla okujika kwamalungu angaphezulu ukuze zisebenzise isiphatho esithe tye, ngoko ke isitulo esinamavili esiphezulu esilawulwa yingalo singakhethwa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izigulane ezine-orthostatic hypotension kufuneka zikhethe isitulo esinamavili esiphezulu esithambekileyo, zifake i-headrest, kwaye zisebenzise i-footrest esuswayo ene-engile yamadolo ehlengahlengiswayo.
③ Iimfuno zezigulane ezikhubazekileyo kwizihlalo ezinamavili ziyafana, kwaye iinkcukacha zezihlalo zimiselwa yindlela yokulinganisa kwinqaku elidlulileyo. Ngokubanzi, kukhethwa iindawo zokubeka iingalo ezimfutshane, kwaye kufakwa ii-caster locks. Abo bane-ankle spasms okanye i-clonus kufuneka bongeze imitya ye-ankle kunye neeringi zesithende. Amatayara aqinileyo angasetyenziswa xa iimeko zendlela kwindawo yokuhlala zilungile.
④ Kwizigulane ezinqunyulwe amalungu angezantsi, ingakumbi ukunqunyulwa kwamathanga omabini, umbindi womxhuzulane womzimba utshintshe kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, i-axle kufuneka ibuyiselwe umva kwaye kufuneka kufakwe iintonga zokuthintela ukugoba umva ukuze umsebenzisi angawi ngasemva. Ukuba zixhotyiswe nge-prosthesis, kufuneka kufakwe neendawo zokuphumla emilenzeni nasemilenzeni.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-15-2024